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A first survey was conducted in and around EL446 onboard the CCGS Amundsen from 16 July to 30 July, 2009. A total of 21 biophysical stations were sampled, involving 25 box core deployments and 18 Agassiz trawl tows. In addition, the Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) was deployed once (station 10) for epibenthos observation. A second survey was conducted in EL449 and EL451 onboard the CCGS Amundsen from 12 August to 26 August, 2010. A total of 18 biophysical stations were sampled, comprising 25 box core deployments and 18 Agassiz trawl tows. A third survey was conducted in EL451 and EL453 onboard the CCGS Amundsen from 7 September to 22 September 2011. A total of 13 biophysical stations were sampled, comprising 18 box core deployments and 13 Agassiz trawl tows. The box core was deployed to quantitatively sample diversity and abundance of endobenthic organisms. After retrieval of the box core, a subsample of about 0.125 m2 area and 12-15 cm depth was collected and passed through a 0.5 mm mesh sieve to separate sediment from endofauna. Organisms were immediately preserved in a 4% buffered formaldehyde solution for further taxonomical identification in the laboratory. The volume of sediments sieved from each box core was measured (depth × width × length) to the nearest 1 cm to estimate endobenthic fauna density in each sample. An Agassiz trawl (1.5 m width × 0.7 m height, cod end of 0.5 cm mesh size) was towed on the seabed at a speed of 1.5 - 2 knots for about 3 to 5 minutes to survey epibenthic species diversity and abundance. Retrieved samples were washed with seawater in a sieve (0.5 mm mesh), and organisms were counted and identified to the lowest taxonomical level possible.
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During the ArcticNet annual cruises of the research icebreaker CCGS Amundsen, characteristics of the surface sea water (temperature, salinity, dissolved CO2 and O2) are monitored in conjunction with properties of the near-surface atmosphere (basic meteorological elements, incident radiation, CO2 concentration) to observe the relationship between the surface microclimate and the air-sea exchange, with particular interest in CO2. Central to this integrated dataset is an under-way sea water pCO2 system (General Oceanics 8050) attached to the ship's clean water intake. The following variables were measured continuously and logged at 1 minute intervals: -pCO2sw (LI7000 gas analyzer) -Equilibrator water temperature -conductivity -pH -dissolved O2
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Floating microplastics in Frobisher Bay were assessed using a surface trawl. Four replicate tows of a Manta surface trawl with 200 micron mesh were carried out at each of two sites in Frobisher Bay from CCGS Amundsen. Four tows near the city of Iqaluit measured microplastics contamination close to that city, likely of local origin. Four tows in outer Frobisher Bay, spread over a wider distance, measured microplastics contamination from the northern Labrador Sea or from ships traversing Frobisher Bay. Samples were frozen following collection, for later processing.
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Sinking export of organic material was investigated during the fall of 2006, using free-drifting, short-term particle interceptor traps . The particle interceptor traps were deployed at 9 stations along a transect spanning between the North Water polynya (Baffin Bay) and the Beaufort Sea. The traps were deployed from the CCGS Amundsen at three depths below the euphotic zone (50, 100 and 150 m) for a period between 8 and 29 hours. The analyses on the sinking material included total chlorophyll a and phaopigments (fluorometric determination), particulate organic carbon and nitrogen, biogenic silica, cell composition and abundance and fecal pellet abundance.
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Continuous air samples were collected on Leg 1 of the CCGS Amundsen cuise in 2007 using a high volume air sampler that drew air through a glass fibre filter followed by two polyurethane foam plugs. Water samples were collected by filter water through a glass fibre filter followed by a solid phase absorbent. Samples were extracted back at the laboratory followed by analysis using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. Data generated included concentration of semi-volatile contaminants in air and water and chiral signature of chiral components.
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The CTD data was obtained during the 2009 Geotraces scientific cruise #0903 as part of the ArcticNet program. The data were collected from August 30 to September 10, 2009, aboard the CCGS Amundsen. There were 45 casts associated to 8 stations, located in the Beaufort Sea area. The following parameters were measured: temperature, conductivity and pressure (with a Sea-Bird SBE-9plus), dissolved oxygen (Sea-Bird SBE-43), fluorescence (Seapoint chlorophyll fluorometer), CDOM (Haardt backscat fluorometer FL(RT)D), nitrate concentration (Satlantic MBARI-ISUS 5T), transmittance (Wetlabs C-Star transmissometer), currents (RDI LADCP), turbidity (UVP 5), light intensity (PAR; Biospherical Instruments QCP2300) and surface light intensity (sPAR; Biospherical Instruments QCP2200). Quality control procedures were applied to the data. Data are available on the Polar Data Catalogue and at the Marine Environmental Data Service (MEDS) of Fisheries and Oceans Canada.
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The BO105 helicopter on board the CCGS Amundsen was used during the northern section of the ArcticNet 1b leg to collect the ice thickness and video data along flight paths across Kennedy Channel. The main collection of data was done on three days between August 21 and August 24. In addition a total of 5 beacons were deployed on thick ice floes during these flights to monitor the ice drift of the floes within Kennedy Channel. From the two data sets the ice flux through Kennedy Channel can be estimated as shown below. At the end of the survey, ice thickness data was collected with an EM sled from a floe in Barrow Strait (74.0N and -96.4W) on September 1, 2013.
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Datasets were collected and processed by the Ocean Mapping Group, University of New Brunswick. Accoustic data was generated from the multibeam Kongsberg Simrad EM302 multibeam sonar system onboard the CCGS Amundsen during ArcticNet Cruises. This bathymetric data subset covers the Greenland Economic Exclusive Zone (EEZ), i.e. outside of the 12 nm territorial sea extent and within the 200 nm EZZ, from 2005 to 2011 and 2013. The datasets consist of high-resolution bathymetry and acoustic backscatter imagery collected 24 hours a day, whenever the ship was in transit or had dedicated survey time. Standard collection settings used dual-ping, FM pulse, auto depth mode, angular coverage of +/- 60 degrees and high-density equidistant beamforming. SIS was used to collect the data, while near realtime cleaning of data outliers was done using the Ocean Mapping Group's Swathed toolkit after conversion to OMG binary format. IMU data was parsed by the SIS software from a POSMv 320 v.4. RTG GPS data from the CNav GPS was used to correct and improve the position output from the POSMv. Soundspeed information was either from CTD Rosette casts, MVP300 data or simulated from the World Ocean Atlas 2001 database. Data were gridded at a resolution of 10 metres. Grid files available are in ESRI grid format (.flt and .hdr files zipped for each mapsheet for the data from 2005 to 2011, and .asc files for the data of 2013). Futher information on data processing and on the Ocean Mapping Group activities are online at http://www.omg.unb.ca/Projects/Arctic/
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The CTD data was obtained during the 2010 ArcticNet scientific cruise #1003c. The data were collected from October 24 to 27, 2010, aboard the CCGS Amundsen. There were 19 casts associated to 19 stations, located in the Labrador Fjords. The following parameters were measured: temperature, conductivity and pressure (with a Sea-Bird SBE-9plus), dissolved oxygen (Sea-Bird SBE-43), fluorescence (Seapoint chlorophyll fluorometer), CDOM (Wetlabs FL(RT)D), nitrate concentration (Satlantic MBARI-ISUS 5T), transmittance (Wetlabs C-Star transmissometer), light intensity (PAR; Biospherical Instruments QCP2300) and surface light intensity (sPAR; Biospherical Instruments QCP2200). Quality control procedures were applied to the data. Data are available on the Polar Data Catalogue and at the Marine Environmental Data Service (MEDS) of Fisheries and Oceans Canada.
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The CTD data was obtained during the 2007-2008 ArcticNet scientific cruise #0706. The data were collected from October 15 to November 6, 2007, aboard the CCGS Amundsen. There were 108 casts, associated to 78 oceanographic stations, in the Beaufort Sea. The following parameters were measured: temperature, conductivity and pressure (with a Sea-Bird SBE-9plus), dissolved oxygen (Sea-Bird SBE-43), pH (Sea-Bird SBE-18-I), fluorescence (Seapoint chlorophyll fluorometer), nitrate concentration (Satlantic MBARI-ISUS 5T), transmittance (Wetlabs C-Star transmissometer), light intensity (PAR; Biospherical Instruments QCP2300) and surface light intensity (sPAR; Biospherical Instruments QCP2200). Quality control procedures were applied to the data. Data are available on the Polar Data Catalogue and at the Marine Environmental Data Service (MEDS) of Fisheries and Oceans Canada.
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