Ground penetrating radar
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A data collection program was carried out between October 2015 and September 2017 to monitor the thinning and overall deterioration of "Petermann Ice Island (PII)-A-1-f". This large, tabular iceberg was a fragment of the 2012 Petermann Glacier calving event. Four field teams visited the ice island, and a stationary ice penetrating radar (sIPR) was installed on PII-A-1-f in October 2015 while the large, tabular iceberg was grounded near Qikiqtarjuaq, NU. The instrument was designed by Blue Systems Integration, Ltd. and was installed during the annual ArcticNet research cruise on board the CCGS Amundsen. It collected the first field dataset of ice island thinning, and along with surface ablation observations, the data were used to calibrate a forced-convection basal ablation model. Mobile IPR data were repeatedly collected over 2.4 km to assess the spatial variation in thinning and assess how well the sIPR measurements represented the conditions elsewhere on the ice island. Auxiliary data included photos, ablation stake measurements, sonic ranger recordings, air temperature measurements, GPS locations, and RADARSAT-2 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. The latter were collected to monitor the surface areal extent of the ice island. The dataset contains: IPR measurements (.h5), GPS data collected along the mIPR transect (.csv), image files of ablation stakes (.jpg), air temperature data, sonic ranger measurements, and GPS positions of the weather station (.csv), georeferenced Fine-Quad (8 m nominal resolution) RADARSAT-2 SAR images (.tif) and polygon shapefiles delineating the areal extent (.shp).
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Improved surface and bedrock DEMs have been produced for the Belcher Glacier using data from different sources, including in situ measurements, airborne soundings, and satellite images. Surface elevation is based on 2007 (late summer) SPOT5 HRS images. Bed elevation values are derived from surface-based ground penetrating radar soundings conducted during the 2007 and 2008 summer field seasons. Airborne radar surveys in 2000 and 2005 by the Scott Polar Research Institute and the Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets, respectively, provide ice thickness data. By subtracting ice thickness from surface elevation using the surface DEM, bedrock elevation values are derived. Additional bedrock elevation data for the seafloor in front of the terminus of Belcher Glacier were obtained from a bathymetric survey in 2006 by workers from Memorial University of Newfoundland and the University of New Brunswick working off the CCGS Amundsen. A 40-m grid is used as a map base. Bed elevation values were found for each point on the grid by applying a kernel that weighted values of surrounding points by distance. After finding a suitable semivariogram model, statistical interpolation (kriging) was performed to fill in the rest of the grid points to produce the bedrock DEM. As a check, a 1999 Landsat panchromatic image was used to force bedrock elevation to equal surface elevation within the boundaries of rock outcrops and thus ensure that ice thickness is zero throughout.
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